Life-Altering Medical Breakthroughs on the Horizon Essay - 3

Life-Altering Medical Breakthroughs on the Horizon - Essay Example Blind people expect to have seeing ability restored. Scientists have tested and investigated microchip implants, which aid patients regain sight. Scientists are creating deep brain implants and unique glasses, which can bright sight to blind, (Barrie 1). Regenerative medication enables scientists to create organs and supplant impaired one. Researchers make substitute organs in the artificially. Presently, they have formed bladder and fixed into people. Tissue engineering utilizes both synthetic and natural material to grow body parts such as skin cells, bone marrow, cartilage among other. These technological breakthroughs provide extensive improvements for various patients and extensively reduce the cost of medication. Engineered organ replacement will outdo the hazards and challenges related to donor organs and reduce medical cost, (Reginald 1). For people who have suffered brain disease, Alzheimer or related neurological condition, the breakthroughs in neural advancements provide e xtensive hope for quality life. Similarly, microchip technology necessitates this advancement. Microchip or fiber optic wire use to bridge the affected brain parts provides a hope to cure various neurological diseases. Advancement in microchip use to bridge neural routes brings hopes to the anticipated brain use expansion for people, (Dick 1). Medical breakthroughs will allow generic condition eradication. For instance, with the human genome project completion, scientists have extensive knowledge of the genetic structure and it impacts on people. Currently, researchers can create certain gene or disease medicines utilizing DNA therapy to prevent patients against fatal diseases. It is predicted that genetic engineering will help prevent fatal conditions such cancer. Similarly, it will aid increase predicted lifespan to more than hundred years and create disease-free life.

Canadian Chocolate Bar Market Essay Example for Free

Canadian Chocolate Bar Market Essay •Increase in cost for manufacturing such as packaging or ingredients. Chocolate bars are thought of as impulse buys, which means they require no thought. This is due to how inexpensive they are. However, if an ingredient such as sugar was to rise drastically, so will the cost of the chocolate bar therefore changing the buyers perspective on the product class. Social, Demographic Trends: •Although chocolate bars are thought to have been more enjoyed by a younger consumer, crispy crunch has always focused towards older demographics. This is shown through their mature packaging commercials. Healthier Living: •Consumers are now watching what they eat, and want to avoid products that contain ingredients that have become deemed as fattening. Technology: •Internet advertising is at an all time high, and consumers are attracted to products that they can get more information on over the Internet. Also, buzz promotion can be created efficiently via Internet. Political: •French/English Packaging •In Canada it is illegal not to have both English and French writing on the packaging. Ingredients: •All ingredients must be labeled on the packaging. Market Analysis Total Canadian Size and growth: •From 1996 to 2000, the chocolate market enjoyed a total growth rate of 19.1% with retail sales in 2000 producing a whopping $13.7 billion. Competitive Analysis Market Trends: •Hershey Canada is one the largest competitors in the chocolate bar market. Hershey brands have a strong market value and a long history dating back to 1903. Hershey Canada owned three of the top five chocolate bars sold in 2000 to 2001. Hersheys three principle brands held fifteen percent of the Canadian market share. Hersheys brands, Reese Brand, and Hershey Milk Chocolate gained 0.9 percent market share in 2000-2001. Hershey brand Oh Henry lost 0.3 percent market share but still holds the number four spot in market share value. Hershey Canada has strong brand recognition, and loyalty. •Nestle Canadas three principle brands, Kit Kat, Coffee Crisp, and Smarties represented 13.4 percent of the Canadian market in 2000-2001. Nestle has a considerable market share and strong brand insistence however only one brand gained market value. Kit Kat, Nestle principal brand gained four points surpassing Cadburys Caramilk. Kit Kat now represents the second largest piece of the market at 5.4 percent. Coffee Crisp was stalemate at 4.2 percent of market share. Nestle Smarties lost 0.3 percent of market value now ranked ninth out of the top ten chocolate bars in the Canadian market, leaving only Effems Mars behind it. •Effem Foods has two brands ranked in the top ten chocolate bars in the Canadian market, Mars and MMs. Effems two principle brands represents 8.2 percent market share. Effems Mars and MMs both lost an accumulated 0.9 percent of market share in 2000-2001. Market Analysis: •Hershey Canada, Reese Brand, represented 6.3 percent of the Canadian chocolate bar market share in 2001. Reese brand targeted young children the ads have a youthful orientation and show kids having fun eating the bar(Crunch, Crispy Case). Reese Brand was creating strong brand insistence by penetrating younger consumers. Reese used point-of-purchase materials to attract the impulse consumer. Reese also employed the leadership positioning strategy; Reese showed their product as a preferred choice among children. Hershey Milk Chocolate and Oh Henry both have a strong brand loyalty due to their insistent customer base that had been developed over years. •Nestle Canada, was a leader in the Canadian Chocolate bar market due to strong market penetration and position on the market. Nestle Smarties used the image positioning strategy. Nestle used image positioning to differentiate Smarties from Effems MMs. Nestle claimed to have a larger assortment of colours. Smarties used humour appeal to attract customers to save the red Smarties until last. Kit Kat was Nestles leader in market share representing 5.4 percent. Kit Kats target market was early twenties to late thirties. Kit Kat applied the lifestyle position strategy on the market. Give me a break of that Kit Kat Bar this slogan was used by Nestle to imply that a Kit Kat bar would be the best chocolate bar to enjoy while on a break. •Effen Foods brands Mars, and MMs both had a large market share and strong Brand loyalty in 2000-2001. MMs used Head-on positioning to penetrate and differentiate themselves from the market. They melt in your mouth, not in your hand that slogan was a direct blow to Smarties. Effen is implying that the quality of their product is better than the competitors. Target Market Analysis Demographic profile: •Age: 15-24 Gender: males, females Education: High school, College, University Occupation: Part-time, or new career opportunity Household: either living with parents, or living with a spouse Geographic profile: •Urban location of customers, allowing the customers to more easily access the product. •Packaged in English and French writing. Psychographic profile: •Activities: Going out with friends, girlfriends. Playing sports, videogames, watching movies. •Interests: Doing well in school, finding job/career opportunities for future, having fun enjoying time with friends/family. •Opinions: Would like a clean, safe environment. Consumer behavior profile: •Personality: Ideal Self Consumers as they see how they would like to be. It is what they aspire to. •Attitudes: More liberal minded consumers, show more of a selective exposure. Product Analysis Sales Volume Trends: •Between 1989 and 1990, it jumped seven places to become the number one brand in the nation. •More recently however, the Crispy Crunch Brand has fallen off the top ten chocolate bar brands to 12th place. Market Share Trends: •Old established brands continue to lead the pack in popularity; brands like Kit Kat, Oh Henry, Coffee Crisp and Smarties all date back to the 1950s and 1960s. •Reese Brand holds 6.3% of the market share, up from a year ago Current Channels of Distribution: •All the leading brands are available in the same locations: •Convenience stores •Drug stores •Grocery outlets •Vending machines •Discount stores •Marketing Communications (Historic) •The success from the early 90s was attributed to an advertising campaign •Targeted a slightly older audience of older teenagers and young adults in their early twenties rather then youth under the age of 16. •The strategy worked very well and there were several ads in the campaign. S.W.O.T Analysis Brand Strengths: (Internal) •Crispy Crunch contains a combination of chocolate and peanut brittle that offers a unique taste to consumers that other chocolate bars do not offer. Also with the image of being to good to share Crispy Crunch still has the potential to make its mark into top 10 Canadian brands by pushing the product into more advertising to make consumers more aware of its presence in the market. Weaknesses: (Internal) •Although Crispy Crunch has had a successful campaign for a period of time, other brands that Cadbury have released like Caramilk have been a little more dominant in the market. It is possible that maybe Cadbury did not pay enough attention toward the Crispy Crunch campaign, which may result in the reason for its fall behind in the overall market. Opportunities: (External). •Cadbury can use many forms of advertising their product these days as long as the presentation is executed properly. For instance, the Crispy Crunch brand has been known to add sexual situations in order to promote their product towards 15-25 year old people. If the campaign goes about with the same image or chooses to take a diverse approach to the market to recreate the image of the brand, window is still open for opportunity which either choice. Threats: (External). •Cadbury must be able to create or revise a marketing mix that would keep a strong stand in the market against the big competition from Nestle and Hershey who both have very successful campaigns for their chocolate products. Positioning Statement. • A Crispy Crunch Bar contains the grouping of chocolate and peanut brittle that offers distinctive and delectable flavor. Eat your Crisply crunch bar before somebody eats it for you! the only thing that tastes better than my Crispy Crunch, is someone elses Crispy Crunch. Target Market Definition. •Males and females 15-24 years old, who are currently working and make time for going out with friends and family. They are infrequent users because they are health conscious and may be into another brand.

Influences on Elderly Quality of Life: Age and Identity

Influences on Elderly Quality of Life: Age and Identity Many influences affect older peoples quality of life in the 21st century and there are changes in expectations both by and about older people in terms of identity and pressure to age well. The following will discuss and evaluate the many influences, which affect older people’s quality of life in the 21st century. The evaluation will also discuss the changes in expectations both by and about older people in terms of their identity and the pressure to age well. As will be demonstrated there are many diverse influences that affect older people’s quality of life ranging from government policies, non-governmental organisations representing their interests, prevailing demographic trends, as well as the provisions for retirement which the older people may or may not have made for themselves. The quality of life for older people is also influenced and to a large extent dependent upon the availability of health, housing, and social services. Non-governmental organisations have an important role in altering the expectations of older people in terms of their identity, and the pressure to age well. The value of occupational and state pensions as well as the potential ly high costs of having to be cared for are as will be shown a significant concern for older people when it comes to their quality of life. Government policies can and do have a major influence upon the quality of life of older people. The government could also alter the expectations that older people have in terms of their identities and any pressure to age well, which can be an integral part of government and public sector policies towards older people. This was a small document issued by the Better Government for Older People group to discuss the challenges that older people face. It is a good overview of the issues involved (Audit Commission / Better Government for Older People, p.2). Governments have to consider the cost of state pensions, other social security benefits, as well as the cost of health and social services (House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts, May 2004 p. 9). Demographic trends will also have a significant factor in the provision of government social security payments and public services to older people. The increasing numbers of older people within the population mean that people need to pay higher national insurance contributions and taxes whilst they are working to cover extra public expenditure caused by the higher costs that an ageing population brings with it (Vincent et al, 2006). As another way of reducing the strain on social security and public service budgets the government has also changed employment law to allow older people to carry on working past the state retirement age. Already the government has changed services and the help directed towards older people to improve their health and to reduce levels of poverty, i.e. the introduction of NHS Direct and Pension Credit. The whole of the House of Commons report contains very useful information concerning the policy decisions needed to help older people in Britain. The report provides analysis of the successes and the shortcomings of present public policies towards older people. On balance chapters 3 and 4 contained the most relevant information (House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts, May 2004 p. 9). Ultimately the government would more than likely increase the state retirement age so that older people in the future have longer working lives to pay towards their state retirement pensions (Brooke and Taylor, 2005). Allowing older people to work longer also compensates for the declining number of young people in the population that are paying taxes and national insurance contributions to provide social security payments and public services. When it comes to social security and public service expenditure governments have attempted to save costs by rationing or restricting services, as well as making older people with greater levels of savings or their own homes pay for such services. For instance, older people who own their houses are liable to sell those homes to pay for long-term stays in residential care homes. That practice has now been reduced nationally due to devolution in Scotland and Wales. The Department of Health report is a useful analysis of the current provision of med ical services to older people, as well as outlining the options for improving the level of healthcare provision in the future. There is also some useful information in the appendices (Department of Health, 2006). New Labour has attempted to reorganise government structures to target services towards older people more effectively. For instance the Department for Works and Pensions has made itself more responsive to the needs of older people via the creation of the Pension Service in 2002 (House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts, May 2004 p. 10). For the government and the non-governmental organisations which are interested in improving or at least maintaining the quality of life for older people there are social as well as economic reasons for allowing and encouraging older people to carry on working past the state retirement age. Non-governmental organisations like Age Concern and Help the Aged regard the encouraging of older people to stay employed as an important means of maintaining a higher quality of life and helping older people to age well. Older people had varying degrees of access to public services and opportunities to voice their concerns or problems. Generally older people in socially and economically deprived areas have greater needs and less influence over public services. Riseborough and Jenkins provide useful explanations as to why older people find it harder to benefit from the regeneration of deprived areas than younger people do so. Sections 3 and 4 were probably the most informative parts of this report (Riseborough Jenkins, April 2004 p. 6). As far as non-governmental organisations are convinced that working for longer enables older people to maintain or even improve their levels of self-esteem. Older people are more prone to been excluded from improvements to public services and employment opportunities in areas that have been regenerated. Another area of concern for non-governmental organisations is that the government’s consultations with older people are inconsistent nationally although it is improving on the whole (Riseborough Jenkins, April 2004 p.13). Working in either a paid or voluntary capacity is a valuable method of keeping older people mentally and physically active and therefore assists them to age well. For older people themselves staying employed could also have a significant influence upon their quality of life, as it facilitates their opportunities to socialise with other older people as well as younger people. Evandrou and Glaser contend that older people could increasingly face the choice of carrying on working due to the insufficient pension levels or caring for partners or other elderly relatives (Evandrou Glaser, 2003). Contact with younger people allows those younger people the chance to meet and understand older people, and therefore increase respect for older generations. Both the government and the non-governmental organisations, that represent the interests of older people, have found evidence that older people find it difficult to remain employed or return to the active work force due to prejudices based on ageism against them. Aside from prejudice there might be other barriers to older people being involved in the labour market, such as a lack of training facilities or restricted access for older people with issues around their physical capabilities. To a large extent, physical barriers to older people should be significantly reduced by the requirements of the Disability Discrimination Act. That Act requires equal access to work places and the provision of public or private services irrespective of disability and of age (Audit Commission / Better Government for Older People, p.2). The concept of establishing identities and ageing well depends on more than just the prospects of older people wishing to work for longer. Estes et al are in parts highly critical of present public services for older people, whilst the first couple of chapters provide valuable insights into the way older people are generally inadequately catered for (Estes et al, 2003). The desire of older people to work and remain active for longer is influenced by what they want out life themselves as well as by the influence of the government and non-governmental organisations. Older people have an influence upon the ideas and the policies of the government and non-governmental organisations towards them. Older people are often an essential part of the non-governmental organisations that they belong to, and who represent their interests. Non-governmental organisations will attempt to help older people to establish their identity and advise them how to age well due to older people requesting such a ssistance in the first place. Older people will use non-governmental organisations to lobby the government to change governmental policies to suit their best interests when it comes to a high quality of life, an identity that enables self-esteem and enhances the prospects of ageing well. It is not governments that older people and their associated non-governmental organisations attempt to lobby, they frequently use the media to publicise their opinions or advice. Of course the influence that older people have upon government policy should logically increase throughout the 21st century as the population continues to age and the government will need older people to work longer and stay healthy for longer. As older people will make up an ever-greater percentage of the electorate the political parties that do the most to improve the quality of life older people could have the best prospects of winning general elections. In return governments will have to assist older people by making it easier to remain employed and healthy for longer as well as reducing the incidence of ageism. Reducing the doubts that people have concerning the abilities of older people is vital if prejudices are not going to prevent the expectations of older people that the quality of their lives will be improved. The majority of the report by Bowers et al is critical of the failure of public policy to assist older people with mental health problems. The report frequently mentions the positive influence that non-governmental organisations do have upon the quality of life for older people and raising their expectations (Bowers et al, 2005 p. 25). To conclude the quality of life of older people, with closely linked expectations of identity and ageing well will be and is currently influenced by government policy, the actions of the non-governmental organisations that are interested in older people, and the media. Governments will argue that the best way for older people to achieve a high quality of life is for them to help themselves by working as long as possible. Governments are encouraging people to plan for their own retirement in terms of adequate income levels, and advising them of the all public services, which are available to help them. Urging people to stay employed not only prevents older people from living in poverty it raises expectations of being identified as being useful and active members of society that have self-esteem and who are respected by younger people. Governments have an important influence by demonstrating to society as a whole the valuable contribution that older people make to the social and econom ic quality of life for every body and not just for older people. Non-governmental organisations that help older people also have a strong influence over the quality of life, plus the expectations of identity and ageing well for older people. In a sense non-governmental organisations are essential for older people to gain the help and the advice they need to have a high quality of life whilst advising governments of the social and economic policies which will improve the lives of older people. Bibliography Audit Commission / Better Government for Older People – Older People, independence and well-being: The challenge for public services, Public Sector Briefing Bowers H, Eastman M, Harris J, Macadam A (2005) Moving out of the Shadows – A report on mental health and wellbeing in later life, Health Care Development Ltd, London Brooke L and Taylor P, Older workers and employment: managing age relations, Ageing society 25, 2005, 415-429, Cambridge University Press Department of Health, A Sure Start to later life, Ending inequalities for older people, January 2006 Estes, C.L. Biggs, S. and Phillipson, C. (2003), Social Theory, Social Policy and Ageing A critical introduction, Open University Press, Maidenhead Maria Evandrou and Karen Glaser, Combining work and family life: the pension penalty of care, Ageing and Society 23, 2003, 583-601, Cambridge University Press House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts, Improving Public Service for Older People, Twenty- Ninth Report of Session 2003-04 (May 2004) Riseborough M Jenkins C (April 2004), Now you see me†¦now you don’t How are older citizens being included in regeneration? Age Concern, London Vincent, J., Phillipson, C. Downs M., (eds) (2006) The Futures of Old Age, Sage

Five People You Meet in Heaven by Mitch Albom Essay -- essays research

Five People You Meet in Heaven by Mitch Albom This isn’t technically a book that I read when I was in the properly defined age group, but looking back at this book it is probably the book that has had the largest impact on my life, and had it been out when I was younger would have been a book that I would have read. I read this book after I had finished reading Tuesdays with Morie by the same author. Now I have read a lot of books in my life and I can’t think of one that has had a more profound affect on me than The Five People you Meet in Heaven by Mitch Albom.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is the story of a man named Eddie who for almost his whole life was the maintenance man at an amusement park called Ruby Pier. The story starts with the end of Eddie’s life on Earth and the beginning of his journey through heaven. The basic story wasn’t what got to me, it was the lessons Eddie learns along the way as he meets the five people he was to meet in heaven.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the book we are introduced to people from his past, some he knew and some were just a glimpse in his life. They all had something that they had to teach Eddie about life. Each had a different lesson that Eddie needs to understand before he can move on in heaven.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first person that Eddie meets was a member of the freak show his name was Joseph Corvelzchchik, and he was known as the â€Å"blue man† and I think that out of all the people Eddie meets he has the most thought provoking quotes. The blue man died when ...

Penny Byrne Essay

Penny Byrne is an Australian born artist. She was born in Mildura, Victoria, Australia. She lives in Melbourne and owns her own studio. She is interested in ceramics and works as a ceramics conservator. She did a bachelor of fine arts ceramics in Melbourne in 1987 and graduated from west Dean College in the UK after doing ceramics and glass conservation and restoration. She also did a bachelor of laws at La Trobe uni in Melbourne and uses her knowledge of political and social issues in her art. Penny Byrne uses her knowledge of ceramics and knowledge of world issues combined with simplicity and in your face messages in her artwork ‘how much can a polar bear #2’ (2008, sculpture, ceramic, 9. 5x7x11cm). Her artwork makes a public comment on the melting polar ice caps due to global warming and the effect that this is having on the polar bears. Byrne uses her knowledge of ceramics in this sculpture as she appropriates this ready-made ceramic polar bear figure. She has taken a polar bear figure and put scuba diving gear on it to make it innocent and helpless. She uses relevant choices of material as she isn’t creating more waste, putting across this environmentally friendly message. The message she is putting across is made obvious through her use of scuba diving gear and the title of the work. She wants people to think about the polar bears and the environment she cares so much about and she achieves this through simplicity and easy understanding. The overall meaning of this artwork is that the polar bears are struggling, to find food sources, to adapt to new climate and that we aren’t helping, in fact we are making it worse. This is obviously a topic that Byrne feels strongly about. I find that she works well to channel her personal interests into the work and her uses of materials are appropriate to her knowledge, and the message she is putting across. Overall with the simplicity of the message and the use of appropriate materials are effective and work well with the knowledge and personal interest shown in her work. She uses this in many of her of her other works such as ‘the four horse men of the 21st century apocalypse’.

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) Security Essay

IPv4 is an end-to-end network model that supports the multicast operation. Multicast operations or communications involve information transfer from one node in as single transmission to multiple receivers within the network. Moreover, it facilitates the broadcasting of multimedia information like videos and audio teleconferences. IPv4 utilizes MAC addresses and IP addresses to send data packets within and outside the Local Area Network respectively. For security purposes, routers are used in the interconnection of multiple networks to map the IP addresses to related MAC addresses. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses that are divided into octets, each octet separated by a period. This gives different address ranges that are used for different purposes. This protocol establishes the use of group access controls, router trusts and group center trusts. However, since information is being sent to group users sharing the same address, it becomes challenging to implement encryption standards and authentication infrastructures. Although sharing a public key may remedy the situation, it is only successful if the number of receivers is limited (Bachert, 2002). As a result, while some receivers get error-free transmissions other may not even see the data that has been transmitted. Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) provides a homogeneous security mechanism framework within the IP suite. IPsec offers a security protocols that operate independently from data origin authentication, cryptographic, replay protection and key exchange mechanisms used in protecting explicit applications. To be put into consideration, IPsec depends on the founding of Security Associations (SAs) between the individual hosts involved in sheltered communications. The SAs agree with clear-cut authentication algorithms, security and cryptographic features that the host uses to securely communicate with another host.

To Kill a Killer essays

To Kill a Killer essays A few of my friends and I once saw a bumper sticker that questioned, "Why do we kill people who kill people, to show that killing people is wrong?" Suddenly there was a wild riot of arguments between us. Even though on that day I was out numbered two to three, I was and today still am against the death penalty as a deterrent to crime. The death penalty is not an effective way to punish a criminal. Even states that use the death penalty seem to have a higher number of homicides than states that do not use it. It does not seem to show its effectiveness since states that have the death penalty present no long-term differences in the murder in comparison of the murder rate of their adjacent states. So, if capital punishment isn't lowering the murder rate, why waste the extra Since dollar signs seem to rule America's minds, most tax payers feel that too much of their taxes are going towards maintaining prisons and feeding inmates. A recent study found that it costs more to put a prisoner to death, with any method than it does to Also, in the U.S., the chief objection to capital punishment is that it was always used unfairly. First, women are rarely sentenced to death and executed, even though 20% of all homicides in recent years have been committed by women. Second, a study conducted by U.S. News and a World Report showed that a disproportionate number of nonwhites are sentenced to death and executed. Yet many people, especially family members of murder victims, want to see the offender(s) dead. I have no objection to the emotions families have when a loved one is killed and the family wants their satisfaction of knowing that the killer is dead as well, but death is too quick. The mother of a murdered son has to suffer over him for a lifetime. So why shouldn't the murderer suffer, too? The death penalty needs to go and ...

Listen to the Radio in French is Écouter la Radio

Listen to the Radio in French is Écouter la Radio Mistakes will always be made in French, and now you can learn from them. The verb  Ãƒ ©couter  does not need a preposition to connect it to the next word. So when youre listening to the radio or anything else in French, you would not add a preposition, as you would in English:      Jà ©coute la radio.   Im listening to the radio.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il aime à ©couter les discours. He likes listening to speeches.  Ã‚     Ãƒâ€°coutez la voix de la sagesse. Listen to the voice of reason.     Elle va te faire à ©couter un chanson.   Shes going to play you a song.       Verbs and Prepositions: To Add or Not To Add Many French verbs do need a preposition such  as or de- by far the most common- to connect them to the next verb and complete their meaning. Its this way in English, too; consider to look at and to take care of. But many of the most common French verbs, such as aller, croire, faire, falloir, penser, pouvoir, sentir, savoir, venir, voir and vouloir,  do not need a preposition at all and are usually in constructions that go directly from conjugated verb to infinitive or conjugated verb to direct object: no preposition   infinitive no preposition   direct object The confusion arises for English-language speakers when the prepositions required for French verbs are not the same as the ones required by their English equivalents, or when some verbs that require a preposition in English dont take one in French, and vice versa. couter Doesnt Need a Preposition Écouter  is one of those French verbs that are  not followed by a preposition whereas their English equivalents are.   The explanation? The French verb à ©couter means to listen to, which cancels the need to add another preposition. Beginners often mistakenly add after à ©couter, in effect saying to listen to to something. And that is a classic French learners mistake. Some French learners find it helpful to memorize lists of verbs by the prepositions they require, while others prefer a master list of  alphabetized verbs. Additional Resources How to Use French verbs with and without prepositions  Ã‚  List of correct prepositions that follow French verbs, if anyMost common French prepositionsFrench infinitives

An Analysis Of The Sudanese Darfur Conflict Politics Essay

An Analysis Of The Sudanese Darfur Conflict Politics Essay Sudan is the country that spread broad field and has the richest underground sources. Sudan has the different ethnic and religious elements. In Sudan from time to time the conflicts occurred because of the economic and political reasons between these elements. In 80s and 90s South Sudan crisis emerged, but in the 2000s this conflict can solved. But after a short time another conflict, Darfur Conflict, emerged between the government and rebel groups. Darfur conflict can be seen as the ethnic, economic and cultural conflict rather than religious conflict. In this paper I will mention firstly the background of the conflict. Then I will explain the basic reason of the conflict core parties and third parties and their affect in the conflict. Finally I will evaluate the conflict at the state, regional and international level. A-) Background of the Darfur Conflict 1- ) Maps of Area Map of Area- Sudan 1 Map of Area- Darfur 2 2- ) Basic Information about Sudan and Darfur In general perspecti ve, the formal name is Republic of Sudan and it is the largest country in Africa, located in northeastern Africa. Sudan is counted as an undeveloped country but lastly because of the natural gas and petrol reserves its importance increased in the international arena. Sudan’s economy based on mainly agricultural and stockbreeding. Muslims which located in the North are compromised the %70 of whole population. In the South African blacks and Christians are compromised the other part of the population (%30). Also in Sudan there are 570 clans and there are 595 different languages in Sudan. Sudan country separated 57 different ethnic groups. It is neighboring the countries of Egypt, Libya, Chad, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia and Eritrea.   [ 3 ]    Darfur located in the Western Sudan. Its population includes different ethnic groups and clans and its population is 6 million. Its neighboring states are Libya, Chad and Republic of Middle Africa. Darfur separated in 3 regions, west, north and south. Khartoum government appointed a governor to the each region. In general in Darfur there are two ethnic groups, Arabs and black Africans. Because of the marriage between the different ethnic groups borders between regions became undefined.   [ 4 ]    3- ) Outline and Background of the Conflict 26 February 2003 Darfur Liberation Front attacked to highlands which name is Gulu. (The headquarters of Jebel Marra District) 25 March 2003 The rebels usurped the garrison town of Tine along the Chadian border and captured the huge quantities of supplies and arms.   [ 5 ]    25 April 2003 Sudan Liberation Movement (SLA/M) and Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) attacked the region. With this attack 75 soldiers, pilots were killed, also many buildings and helicopters were destroyed.   [ 6 ]    May 2003 Janjaweed entered the conflict.   [ 7 ]    8 April 2004 Negotiation about the cease-fire between JEM and SLA.à ‚   [ 8 ]    May 2004 International Crisis Group declared that over 350,000 people were effectively debarred from the aid. Also in this year United Nations Secretary- General Kofi Annan made an attention the situation of genocide risk in the Darfur. December 2005 Chad- Sudan Conflict. An attack was actualized in Chadian region in the border of Sudan and 300 hundred people were dead. Sudan was blamed for the attack and death of people. Government of Chad declared their hostility to Sudan government.   [ 9 ]

Restoration of Iraqi Masrshlands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Restoration of Iraqi Masrshlands - Essay Example uxuriant growth contrasting with the arid landscape of most of the region; however following a directive by Iraqi President Saddam Hussein in 1993, these historic marshlands are being drained†. The development of Iraqi Marshlands has been an issue that examined thoroughly by the local authorities. More specifically, the future of these marshlands had to be evaluated in accordance with their role in the ecosystem of the whole region. The survival of these marshlands should be therefore a priority for the Iraqi authorities. However, the political decisions of the years that followed 1993 led to the total destruction of these marshlands. Although many efforts have been made since the change of the political conditions in Iraq for the reconstruction of these marshlands, this effort would be considered rather difficult to be realized taking into account the area that these marshlands cover and their importance for the financial and natural development of the greater region. In this paper, the restoration of Iraqi Marshlands will be examined as of its feasibility taking into account that any relevant initiative should be thoroughly examined and carefully designed while the appropriate strategies should be followed for the retrieval of the necessary funds for the completion of this project. In order to understand the role of marshlands in the greater Mesopotamian region, it is necessary to present the main forms of marsh as they can be observed in various geographical regions around the world. In this context, it has been found that â€Å"in geography, a marsh is a type of wetland, featuring grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants) in a context of shallow water; a marsh is different from a swamp, which has a greater proportion of open water surface, and is generally deeper than a marsh† (Wikipedia, 2007, Marsh). In accordance with the above description, a marsh can have many forms depending on the

The Fiscal and Monetary Policy and Economic Fluctuations Essay - 2

The Fiscal and Monetary Policy and Economic Fluctuations - Essay Example The report further indicated that most businesses had embraced the use of machinery and computers in their operations. The outcome of this was that it affected the labor industry negatively in that people lost jobs as a result of being replaced with machines (Krugman, 2003). In the past five years, the U.S. underwent a great recession period. This period saw a huge drawback in the economy of the country since it recorded high cases of unemployment, high interest rates and a rise in inflation. This is because during the recession period, people were dependent on loans that were being offered by the banks to conduct their business and other operations of investments (Buti, 2003). The recession caused credit markets to stop funding cheap mortgages that were being offered to the public. Home owners were then faced with difficulties of repaying the loans due to the high interests that were imposed on them. This in turn made many individuals default on payment that caused banks to collapse due to them suffering enormous losses (Gramlich and Wood, 2000). The collapsing of banks resulted in detrimental effects to the economy of the country as it was brought to a halt. This is because the growth of the economy was dependent on credit loans that were used for inv estment purposes that in turn helped boost the economy (Krugman, 2003). Most Americans lost their jobs during the recession period. In fact, studies conducted indicate that about 8.8 million individuals lost their jobs as a result of the great recession. This can be equated to between $50,000 to around $120,000 in loss per household (Buti, 2003). However, the drain in the economy was stopped by the Federal and Congress bank who intervened by offering loans with low interest rates. This took place between 2008 and 2009 (Krugman, 2003). From that time to date, banks are still reluctant to lend money to potential investors. This is due to fear of them

Examine Tran Anh Hung's Cyclo in the ways that the film deals with Essay

Examine Tran Anh Hung's Cyclo in the ways that the film deals with violence, capitalism and representations of gender - Essay Example In the small house where the boy lives, he is with his grandfather and his small sister who both works hard to ensure the family gets the basic needs. The poor peace enjoyed by the family comes under jeopardy when the boy loses the hired Cyclo culminating the change of his life and that of his sister. Through the influence of a poet who works for the Boss Lady, the owner of the Pedi-cab and the same person who stole it, the boy is introduced to crime and his young sister to prostitution. There is violence within the city and the boy is given harder tasks but he is spared from death despite failing to kill his assigned target as a result of a form of developed love that connects him to his deceased mentally retarded son. Capitalism leads to violence and gender oppression in Vietnam because of the failure of government institutions obligated with the role of running the nation. To effectively capture the themes depicted by the author, it is important to focus on a detailed analysis of two scenes presented in the film. The first scene is essential as it gives the audience a basis behind the young boy’s life as one of the main protagonists in the film. It is through his daily chores where the young boy is ferrying passengers in Saigon City where the mind of the young boy reflects on the voice of his deceased father. The voice is heard by the audience from the background advising the boy on the need to live a better life than that of his father. There is a tone of pity from the voice of the deceased father as he recalls how he left his son and daughter with nothing (0: 01- 6). Buoyed by the words of his father, Cyclo is determined to change the state of his life and that of his family. The idea is almost a reality after a short while where Cyclo with another person finds good news on the newspaper about sourcing for loans from the

Matthew Ritchie The Universal Cell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Matthew Ritchie The Universal Cell - Essay Example His work has been displayed in museums and exhibits both nationally and internationally. â€Å"The Universal Cell,† which debuted in 2006, is a fascinating metal work sculpture that represents a complex installation that appears to be interconnecting patterns and shapes that seem unending and yet, ever continuing. The piece clearly has two distinct immediate connotations that counter and oppose one another. The first is the clear representation of the artist to show the finite details and interconnectedness of the all things; like the universe, which played into the artist intentions. There appears to be unending possibility within the unending twist and turns. However, on a darker side, those same twist and turns no matter how continuing are still confined to the structure of the â€Å"cell,† giving that the perception of unending possibility is an illusion, the limits, our limits, outline the pattern. This duality of perception is, also, revealed in the visual elements of the structure. While the design is swirling shapes and patterns that are quite beau tiful, there is also a foreboding â€Å"cage-like† quality closing in around you. Even the title of the work can easily be taken as a dual meaning. There is the â€Å"cell† that exists in the human body and the physical properties of the universe that were the artist’s inspiration for the structure itself but, also, there is the type of â€Å"cell† that confines a person, like a prison.( Krunak-Hajagos 1) In the end, the â€Å"Universal Cell† by Matthew Ritchie, is the kind of artistic work that can entertain the eye and draw in a viewing audience. It is an immense, beautifully detailed, work of art, but it, also, has the potential to evoke great thought and discussion. That is a wonderful quality in an artistic piece. It is that kind of discussion that promotes ideas and encourages the sharing of prospective. Ultimately, this work is fantastically balances, both, lightness and darkness,

A self assessment on intercultural negotiating skills Essay - 3

A self assessment on intercultural negotiating skills - Essay Example This paper will discuss the qualities of a good intercultural Negotiator. It will then discuss on the experiences learned in a class negotiation simulation. Finally the paper will review the different aspects of communication strategies employed in the negotiation. In order for one to meet their goals as an intercultural negotiator, it is essential for them to possess the characteristics of a good intercultural negotiator. Firstly a good intercultural negotiator is observant. This means that they take time watch how other people communicate with each other where they note the differences between them. Secondly a good intercultural negotiator should know that different people communicate in different ways and should never assume that messages from different cultures should be interpreted in the same way. Thirdly one should be always positive when dealing with people from different cultures. This means that one should avoid miscommunication which is brought about by misconceptions about the persons intentions. A good Negotiator should also ask questions freely especially where they feel they have not understood. For instance one should ask for clarification on issues, gestures, and ideas to avoid miscommunication. One should also have good communication skills where they are able to express themselves freely by clearly explaining their communication. A good intercultural Negotiator should be polite. This means that when one is seeking any clarification or asking a question, they should do it in a respectable and polite manner in order to ensure the other participants ate not offended. Finally, a good intercultural Negotiator should be persistent meaning that they should not give up easily if they do not understand what is being communicated. One should be patient enough and allow the other person(s) to communicate in their own time. During the class negotiation simulation I got to practice the theories that we have

Examine Tran Anh Hung's Cyclo in the ways that the film deals with Essay

Examine Tran Anh Hung's Cyclo in the ways that the film deals with violence, capitalism and representations of gender - Essay Example In the small house where the boy lives, he is with his grandfather and his small sister who both works hard to ensure the family gets the basic needs. The poor peace enjoyed by the family comes under jeopardy when the boy loses the hired Cyclo culminating the change of his life and that of his sister. Through the influence of a poet who works for the Boss Lady, the owner of the Pedi-cab and the same person who stole it, the boy is introduced to crime and his young sister to prostitution. There is violence within the city and the boy is given harder tasks but he is spared from death despite failing to kill his assigned target as a result of a form of developed love that connects him to his deceased mentally retarded son. Capitalism leads to violence and gender oppression in Vietnam because of the failure of government institutions obligated with the role of running the nation. To effectively capture the themes depicted by the author, it is important to focus on a detailed analysis of two scenes presented in the film. The first scene is essential as it gives the audience a basis behind the young boy’s life as one of the main protagonists in the film. It is through his daily chores where the young boy is ferrying passengers in Saigon City where the mind of the young boy reflects on the voice of his deceased father. The voice is heard by the audience from the background advising the boy on the need to live a better life than that of his father. There is a tone of pity from the voice of the deceased father as he recalls how he left his son and daughter with nothing (0: 01- 6). Buoyed by the words of his father, Cyclo is determined to change the state of his life and that of his family. The idea is almost a reality after a short while where Cyclo with another person finds good news on the newspaper about sourcing for loans from the

A self assessment on intercultural negotiating skills Essay - 3

A self assessment on intercultural negotiating skills - Essay Example This paper will discuss the qualities of a good intercultural Negotiator. It will then discuss on the experiences learned in a class negotiation simulation. Finally the paper will review the different aspects of communication strategies employed in the negotiation. In order for one to meet their goals as an intercultural negotiator, it is essential for them to possess the characteristics of a good intercultural negotiator. Firstly a good intercultural negotiator is observant. This means that they take time watch how other people communicate with each other where they note the differences between them. Secondly a good intercultural negotiator should know that different people communicate in different ways and should never assume that messages from different cultures should be interpreted in the same way. Thirdly one should be always positive when dealing with people from different cultures. This means that one should avoid miscommunication which is brought about by misconceptions about the persons intentions. A good Negotiator should also ask questions freely especially where they feel they have not understood. For instance one should ask for clarification on issues, gestures, and ideas to avoid miscommunication. One should also have good communication skills where they are able to express themselves freely by clearly explaining their communication. A good intercultural Negotiator should be polite. This means that when one is seeking any clarification or asking a question, they should do it in a respectable and polite manner in order to ensure the other participants ate not offended. Finally, a good intercultural Negotiator should be persistent meaning that they should not give up easily if they do not understand what is being communicated. One should be patient enough and allow the other person(s) to communicate in their own time. During the class negotiation simulation I got to practice the theories that we have

Country and Rap Music Essay Example for Free

Country and Rap Music Essay The types of music that people listen to are very diverse. Country and rap music are just two of these types of music and the composition of audience that listen to these types greatly vary. The primary reason is that country music is commonly identified with white people who live in the countryside while rap music is commonly associated with black people living in urban cities. For the most part, rap music is relatively a new type of music as compared to country music which, as a result, makes it more appealing to the younger generation. The older generation, on the other hand, are more inclined to listen to the type of music that grew up with, especially country music. One of the unique features of rap music is the way in which the lyrics are vocalized. The sound of rap music usually involves the rhythmic speaking of rhyming lyrics dubbed with the so-called â€Å"beats†. The beats are usually created separately through the use of percussions and other synthesizers. On the other hand, country music usually involves distinct guitar picking patterns with a slightly â€Å"blues† feel. More often than not, country songs involve the use of acoustic guitars although there are instances when the electric guitars are also used in certain parts of the song. The way in which the lyrics are sung is melodic, aptly cohering with the chord pattern of the song. Most country songs are easy to listen to since country music is less of the aggressive type, so to speak. These songs usually tell the story of the country life where the days are reminiscent of the outdoor life close to nature. There are also times when country songs express the love affairs of individuals. But unlike other forms of music, country music is â€Å"a more gentle approach to putting emotions† into music, in a manner of speaking (Lewis, p. 44). Rap music, on the other hand, usually expresses the experiences of an individual in the suburban or urban areas. Most of rap songs commonly involve the narration of how a young black American has to survive and rise to meet the challenges of surviving in a cruel society. These songs also have become stereotyped as the music of young people with a rebellious attitude who are part of violent gangsters in local neighborhoods. Thus, it is not hard to identify rap music as an aggressive type of music. Because of the wide generation gap between the time when either one of the two gain much prominence, there is likewise a great deal of difference between rap and country music in terms of its audience or followers. Rap music, being a relatively new type of music emerging and gaining prominence only in the later part of the 80s—with the exception of the theory that the origins of rap being traced as far back as the time when African-American slaves were chanting rhymes while doing work—the composition of its audience can also be said as younger (Sullivan, p. 613). On the other hand, country music has been around long before the birth of rap music. That being said, a large part of the those who listen to country music belong to the older generation although, of course, it can also be said that there are also young people who listen to country music. Not surprisingly, a portion of those who listen to country music may likewise be composed of those who live in the countryside since they can easily relate to the messages behind each country song. The same can also be said about rap music; those who live in more urban areas have the tendency to lend their ears to rap songs as they can easily relate to the message of most rap songs. For example, the rap songs of the artist â€Å"50 cent† may appeal more to younger people who reside in cities and other urban areas whereas the country songs of Johnny Cash may appeal more to older people who live in the countryside. However, these comparisons do not necessarily mean that there are no countryside people who listen to the rap songs of 50 cent or that there are no urban people who listen to the country songs of Johnny Cash. The point is that it is more likely for urban people to easily associate themselves with the songs of rap artists whereas it is more likely for countryside people to easily relate themselves to the songs of country artists. Rapping can also be done without the accompaniment of any musical instrument. It can even be done in simple impromptu gatherings in common places such as in local streets in the neighborhood. As for country music singing, it is difficult to say if a song is sung in a country music style without the accompaniment of musical instruments such as guitars. At the least, a singer would have to need a guitar in order to sing a country song or to make the song sound â€Å"country† in a recognizable way. In more recent times, rap music has been gaining a steady stream of following from the public with the increasing prominence of several rap artists. Country music, on the other hand, has been kept alive by several younger artists although the likes of Johnny Cash and his generation of country musicians have kept a steady support from the public listeners through the years. If there is one similarity between the two distinct musical genres, it has to be the fact that both country and rap have become cultures on their own. Rap music has become a culture tat has been embraced by individuals which, as a matter of fact, has even resulted to certain divisions among its musicians—the so-called East and West sides. Likewise, country music has created its own sense of culture manifested in the rural areas. Works Cited Lewis, George H. â€Å"The Creation of Popular Music: A Comparison of the ‘Art Worlds’ Of American Country Music and British Punk. † International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music 19. 1 (1988): 35-51. Sullivan, Rachel E. â€Å"Rap and Race: Its Got a Nice Beat, but What about the Message? † Journal of Black Studies 33. 5 (2003): 605-22.

Debate On Gender Difference Sociology Essay

Debate On Gender Difference Sociology Essay From the moment we born, people have already been attributed as male or female, which is classified by our biological differences of body. However, there are other characteristic, e.g. mental, social definitions of sexes, for dividing us into masculine or feminine. From the past to present, gender difference has long been a debatable topic in our society. Different approaches, mainly essentialism and constructionism, have different view on the origin of gender different. The main debate is that whether gender differences are socially constructed or derive from biological differences. In the following, I will first look back the essentialist and constructionist debate on the issue of gender difference. Then, whether gender is socially constructed in the aspect of family, education and mass media will be argued. For essentialist, it is agreed that gender differences are of an intrinsic of nature, which is related to psychological and physical differences of our body. Determined by different genes and hormones, everyone have their own particular features and attributes. That means that people are born either women or men, which depends on whether they have penis or vagina. Besides, it is argued that gender differences are propelled by natural force which resulted in inequalities between male and female. As men and women are born to be fundamentally different, it is impossible to have an equal society root and branch. Oppositely, the constructionist thinks that the gender roles are created culturally instead of biologically. They argued that gender roles are culturally resulted as our emotion, action, desire and relationships with others are affected by the society and people. As we interact with others every day, we will learn what the society expects for male and female. Through gender socialization, feminine or masculine roles will be taught to the children by various social institutions, e.g. family, region, law and so on. It is claimed that when an infant is born, gender socialization starts. We are doing gender through socially guided activities which shapes our perception of masculinity or femininity. For example, in our society, most of the women are allowed to wear dresses and high heels. While for men having this kind of dressing, they will be classified as abnormal. For this situation, the constructionist will argue that because of the society, it is socially acceptable for women to wear dresses and high heels. The society has a norm that women are allowed to have this kind of dressing and this concept shaped our mind. However, for essentialist, they will argue that it is due to the womens biological organ, women are normal for wearing dress and high heel. Instead of social construction, the distinctive biological dissimilarity of body create these differences. From the above, it is known that there is a fierce debate on whether gender is of biological differences or is socially constructed among essentialist and constructionist. To a larger extend, it is thought that gender is socially constructed. As we are living in a society that we interact with others every day, it is undeniable that gender socialization is happened to us from child to adult. In other words, both Masculinity and femininity is the result of socialization. Thus, this implies that society creates gender role and differences, which is consistent with the view of constructionist. In the following, I will explain how the gender is socially constructed by various agents, including family, education and mass media. From Lindsey (2011), Family is the most crucial primary socialization agent for children since first knowledge and value are learnt. Kimmel, 2011 also claimed that Gender socialization have begun when we born. It is believed that families have the power to affect individuals emotion, behaviors and values. So, during the process of growing of children, they will learn to understand their own gender. Norms and customs of different genders are learnt from parent primarily. When we are small, our parents encourage acts that are consistent with the norm of our gender and prevent us from doing some behavior that are of the opposite gender. For instance, girls are encouraged to play doll while boys are encouraged to play gun. For constructing gender of children by family, there are mainly four ways which is proposed by Ann Oakley. Manipulation is one of the ways that parent encourage behaviors that are appeared to be normal for the childrens gender. For example, boys are encouraged to join basketball practice while discouraged from joining ballet lessons. The second one, canalization, is that parent guides the childrens interest to the activities of their gender. One example is that girls are guided to play cooking sets. Verbal appellation which means that childrens gender are constructed through naming them. Cute girl, dont be so rude. is an apparent verbal expression which teaches the children appropriate act of their gender. The final method is by different activities. Parents usually arrange girls take part in indoor domestic activities while boys take part in outdoor activities. According social learning theory, it is stated that people learn the social behavior primarily by observing and imitating others behavior when they are young. Children spend most of their time at home with their parent which they may learn the gender role from them by observing. A recent research done by Charles (2002) supports this point. It shows that family have a gender stereotype that males generally work outside and females have caring roles. This implies that boys and girls learn this kind of role from observing their fathers and mothers behavior. In addition to family, education also plays a key role in constructing gender identity. School is a place that children are having second stage of socialization. It is clear that children spend most of the time at school after the age of three. So, Formal schooling provides a major medium for children to learn and reinforce the cultural expectations for males and females (Finn et al. 1980; Lee et al., 1994). At school, there is different treatment toward girls and boy. Teachers play a role in socializing girls towards femininity while boys toward masculinity as there must be interaction between teachers and students. From the words of the teacher, it already instills some gender characteristic for the students. For instance, girls are lauded for quiet and elegant, whereas boys are praised for active or speaking up by teachers. Clearly, role or norms of gender are shaped in this approach. Moreover, the content of textbooks or literature that is taught in the classroom may have some knowledge related to gender role. Some literatures with masculine pronoun or history that determined that role of men influence them as it may be the role models which are looking up. Besides, some gender roles are also distinguished from the curriculum. It is known that the curriculum is still different for girls and boys in some developing countries. For the case of Uganda, girls are receiving more knowledge related to family life and home while boys get information of sports or productive still. (Mirembe Davies, as cited in 9789241596435_eng, 2001) Another aspect of education which helps shaping the gender roles is the playground activities. Playground is a place that clearly distinguishes the gender role. For boys, they usually participate in sport game actively. For girls, they would have some social activities or indoor activities. Schools are made up of students with similar age and status. It is common to see that children with same gender play together. In this stage, children have already developed a much intense consciousness of gender identity. Thus, it will soon closure into a more rigid gender roles. From the above, we know that education is also one of agents which the gender constructed socially. Media contribute significantly to construction of gender in our early life. Media are the diversified media technologies that are tried to gain a large audience by mass communication. There are various kind of media, including broadcast, print, outdoor, internet, etc. Throne (1993) claimed that gender role stereotypes are often internalized by children from the media, especially television. Moreover, research done by Anderson, 1986 also shows that television influence childrens lives greatly. For teenagers, popular television drama and magazines help them develop and sustain the lifestyle of their gender through photos or dialogue. Prevalent gender ideologies or characteristics which imply gender differences are transmitted to the adolescent visually and verbally in the media. (Tinkler, 1995) For example, we seldom see male nurse in the television drama. In nowadays, since we have assumed that women are much more caring and benevolent to men, female are more suitable than male to be nurse. Again, gender differences can also be shown in the media which socially constructed the gender identity among male and female. Moreover, adolescents tend to share what they have read and saw through the media. By interaction between youngster, gender are constructed collaboratively. Moreover, it is claimed that presented gender behavior in images by music or movies help adolescents to take the idea of what meant to be a men or women. (Greenberg et al., as cited in d, 1986) When it comes to the media, gender stereotype are also found in different media, especially in propaganda. It is a powerful agent which affects our attitudes, beliefs and the values that we are of ourselves, others and the world. (1018899522353.pdf ) It is not difficult to find female or male stereotype among the news, magazines or on television. For example, advertisements promoting slimming programme and plastic surgery are found everywhere in Hong Kong, from magazine to MTRs advertisement board. Models in the propagandas are stereotyped that women should be slim, beautiful and with big breast. There are also some advertisements promoting masculinity among men. Muscular and powerful are the male characteristics which are stereotyped too. It is found that male characters were presented as a valued role model, but it were supermasculine with personal feature of aggression. (Peevers, as cited in mass media and gender, 1987). In most of the film, men are usually engaged in violent scenes of rape and kill. (Nelson, as cite in mass media and gender, 1985) This shown both good and bad men is aggressive. For instance, in film of Batman, Batman has an image that he is powerful, muscular, and aggressive in killing the bad guys. This c reates gender stereotype. As children or adolescent is easily access to these kinds of film, this kind of stereotype are easily instill in their mind which are process of gender construction. As a result, this kind of gender stereotype may change or shape the childrens view toward gender, which affect them constructing their gender. From the above, it is clear that gender is socially constructed through family, education and mass media. Besides, many socialization agents who are not mentioned play a role in shaping our gender identity. To a larger extend, it is thought that gender is socially constructed instead of biologically construct. Since we are exposed to different socialization agents every day and everywhere, it is impossible to say that we havent affected by the society. Famous sociologist George Herbert Mead also claimed that the self-identity is not present when we were first born, instead, it is developed with social experience.

War and Peace Essay: The Importance of Sonya -- War Peace

The Importance of Sonya in War and Peace Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace speculates deeply about history, religious life and human brotherhood. Most readers focus on the characters of Natasha, Prince Andrew, and Pierre. Another character named Sonya, who is an orphaned cousin, is staying with the Rostov family. Sonya is overshadowed by the other characters, however, she is vital to the rounding out of the other characters in the novel. The people she loves most take her life of commitment and sacrifice for granted. The reader is thus also inclined to give little emphasis to her role in their lives and in the novel as a whole. As someone who has essentially nothing, Sonya is willing to give everything she has to those she loves. She gives of herself willingly and thanklessly. This life of sacrifice truly embodies Sonya's generous character. This genuine nature of her character allows her to reveal so much about those with whom she interacts throughout the novel. With Sonya's seeming "simplicity" in the background, Tolstoy fully develops the characters of Natasha and Nicholas. He uses Sonya as a contrast for his heroine, Natasha, and also as a chart of growth for Natasha's brother, Nicholas. Tolstoy even uses Sonya as a contrast to Princess Mary. Here, if one looks deeper, one will find that there is very little contrast at all between the two women. Most importantly, Sonya is an illustration of society's effects on a poor selfless young girl who puts her needs below those of all others. Tolstoy employs Sonya's character in a variety of situations. Without Sonya, a great deal of his novel's depth and richness would be lost. Sonya is first introduced as Count Rostov's fifteen-year-old niece who ... ... all. Just as the characters in the novel never really appreciate all that Sonya does for them, the reader puts very little emphasis on all that Sonya does to enhance the entire novel. Sonya serves as a truly reflective mirror to Natasha who "never needed to sacrifice herself, but made others sacrifice themselves for her and yet was beloved by everybody"(903). Sonya's presence also helps the growth of Nicholas and reveals a great deal about the society in which she lives. The importance of Sonya's character to War and Peace is immense, yet overshadowed by characters deemed more "important" than she. Sonya tends to be put in the background of this novel as she is put in the background of the lives of those whom she loves. Without her Leo Tolstoy's novel would greatly diminished. Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace, Book of the Month Club, Inc., New York.

Delusions of American Society Exposed in Mind the Gap Essay -- Mind th

Delusions of American Society Exposed in Mind the Gap by Meredith Oakes Mind the Gap, by Meredith Oakes is an ironic play that reflects many of the more undesirable traits of human nature. The play is set in the London Underground, a more or less universal setting. The two main characters are Ginny, the mother, and Lawrence, her son. The tone of the play is set within the first page and the characters are established quickly as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Mind the Gap, Ginny and Larence are riding on a train to get to the psychiatrist's office. He is rebellious and does not want to go or at least, if they have to go, he laments and whines for a car. ("I told you to take the car.") He is being taken to the psychiatrist because in Ginny's eyes, he dresses like a slob, slouches, and sits around. The mother considers appearances to be very important and she is concerned that the son does not live up to her expectations. As they head towards Brixton, arguments ensue and human instinct takes over. The three main points in this play are hypocrisy, irony, and society's emphasis of materialism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oakes establishes the tone of this play in the first page, when she differentiates between the two different voice volumes of Ginny. This is symbolic in that Ginny is also somewhat two-faced (hypocritical) about her son's behavior. As she switches between the two voice ranges, Emma (a minor character) comments and asks why they are going to Brixton. When Ginny masks the real cause of them going to Brixton, it mirrors how people in life want to feel accepted by society. They feel that they must conform to the social standards set in precedence. Anything different and people become afraid of what they do not know. Now at days, people are... ...olumbine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The nature of this poem is almost satirical in its mocking truth of the lacking side of human nature. In doing so, Mind the Gap can be compared to the absurd play, The Sand Box and the biting one-act of Baby With the Bathwater. The ironies of this story point out the delusional flaws of American society. People are usually in denial of criticisms concerning themselves. Other people's faults are often times so clear to others but their own faults are masked or nonexistent in their eyes. Human nature is a combination of both good and bad. Oakes does a superb job of emphasizing the "bad" side of humanity. Humans are flawed and sometimes, a hero does not exist. In this play, there were no heroes either. However, Oakes is able to transcend that fact and concentrate on the main point of the play: the hypocritical, self-conscious nature of mankind.

Personality Psychology and People

Monique Contero INFJ Tu. Th. 8 pm 10/23/2012 I learned that I am â€Å"The Protector† my primary focus of living is internal; I take things in through intuition. I also learned that my secondary mode is external; I deal with things according to how I feel about them and how they fit with my beliefs. I am a gentle, caring, complex person who is very intuitive. I am also artistic and creative. I put great importance on keeping things orderly and systemic. I put most of my energy into finding the best system in getting things done. I am usually right and I usually know I am but sometimes I don’t know why.I put a lot of faith and trust into my instincts and intuitions because most of the time I can sense things most people can’t see or feel. I get strong feelings and I can understand people. When someone is going through something I can usually feel it inside myself. I am a deep and complex individual but I am usually quiet and very observant. Most people don’ t understand me and I don’t open up much to people I don’t know. I hold a special place in most people’s heart to the people whom I am close to because I have a big heart and compassion for them.I usually care more about people’s feelings then I care about my own. I don’t like conflict and when conflict arises I am sensitive towards it. I get irritated or angry when there’s conflict and I don’t know how to tolerate it and I get stressed out over it. I am a stubborn and I don’t like listening to other people’s opinions. I am also a perfectionist. I am never at peace with myself because I know I can do better. I believe that change happens with us before it can happen in the world. I am easygoing though.I am devoted, patient, protective around people I care about who get hurt by others, and I am a natural nurturer. In the workplace I am always coming up with creative ideas and I like working alone. The field I am best in i s fields that are self orientated and allow me to use my creativity and instincts to help the world. I am the type of person that belongs in social work or working in law because I am a natural protector and I believe in growth. I can use my personality traits to help people to come up with new ideas to help the company expand.

“Afterwards” by Thomas Hardy Essay

‘Afterwards,’ by Thomas Hardy, is a poem that questions the way that people will look upon the narrator after his death. It centre’s around the idea of ‘noticing things,’ showing the narrators precision and the ambivalence of his neighbours. Hardy gets this across by the techniques that he uses, and the detailed descriptions which show the full extent of what the narrator has noticed. The poem shows the complexity of nature, and describes the cycle of life. The first stanza begins by personifying the ‘Present,’ which is very appropriate as the poem is concerned by the aliveness of the surroundings that it is describing. The reference to the back gate suggests closure, and is a very precise way of describing the end of the narrator’s life. This sense of closure is also demonstrated in the structure of the poem, which is self-contained in its alternate rhyming quatrains. It has a rhyming pattern of abab, which means that the poem is soft and pleasing to hear, reflects the quietness of nature and goes along with the idea of the man being gentle and ‘tremulous’. It is also pleasing to the eye as each stanza loosely mirrors the previous one. However the number of syllables varies in each line, which means the poem is not constrained by its structure. This is fitting to the content of the poem as there are references to birds, and flying which has the connotations of freedom. An example of this is, ‘And the May month flaps its glad green leaves like wings.’ This animal imagery is totally un-restrictive, as well as painting a very bright and vibrant picture of the season that he is describing. The alliteration, combined with each line only having one syllable helps to achieve the bouncing, jolly effect. The line also shows enjambment from the first line that is a technique carried on throughout the poem, adding to the overall continuity. The month of May is also described as being ‘delicate-filmed as new spun silk.’ This simile gives a very precise description of the beauty of spring, comparing it to a shiny new fabric, and giving it an almost transparent quality. There are also the connotations of value and exquisiteness. The second stanza moves consecutively from daytime to dusk, using appropriate  language to describe the time. Hardy is precise in describing the moment the hawk lands as like ‘an eyelids soundless blink.’ This has the combined effect of conveying both the visual swiftness of movement, and also the quietness of the moment. He manages to create an eerie tone by using the word ‘shades,’ which gives the impression that there are many shadows and it is not very easy to see. The eerie tone is continued by the ‘wind-warped upland thorn,’ in which the plosive ‘R’ sound adds to the feeling of rustiness. It shows that the narrator does not only appreciate the bright beauty of the day time, but the more mystical quality of the evening, therefore noticing the full complexity of what nature has to offer. The idea of the day wearing on continues in the third stanza, where the first line foregrounds the rest of the stanza by stating; ‘If I pass during some ‘nocturnal blackness,’ which clearly sets the scene for night time. This is carried on by the description of the hedgehog and the moths, which only venture out at night, which creates a mood of peace and tranquility. The idea that the hedgehog travels furtively suggests a sense of purpose, that the hedgehog has a sly, secret mission to complete, which will go unnoticed in the rest of the world. This seems symbolic for the narrator, who seems to be discretely observing everything. T he secretiveness would help explain the distance that seems to be between him and the rest of the human beings around him. This distance is further achieved by the fact that there are never any names mentioned, or any suggestion of family or relationships. For example ‘one may say,’which is typically impersonal.Stanza four moves from describing the animals that the narrator identifies with, and is more focussed of the narrator and his idea of the people around him. It is different from the previous stanzas in that there is no movement within it, which is appropriate because Hardy is describing the time when the narrator has been ‘stilled at last.’ The focus switches from the visual nature the narrator is so utterly familiar with, to the ‘full starred heavens that winter sees.’ Therefore he is thinking about the unknown, and the life that awaits him after he dies. Again there is the use of personification for winter, as there was for spring, which is important as it signifies the end of the  seasonal cycle where things wither and die.Continuing this somewhat disconsolate tone, the beginning of the last stanza seems to give up on human nature. It asks, ‘and will any say when my bell of quittance is heard in the gloom.’ This brings you back to the closure suggested in the first stanza, where he describes the gate closing on his life. The image of the bell contrasts to the silence of the previous stanzas, especially the one immediately preceding it. It describes the sound dying, and then rising again as a ‘new bells boom.’ The alliteration again helps the line move quickly, suggesting the speed that people rush around. The onomatopoeic word ‘boom’ suggests the loud noise that people make, contrasting to the peace and tranquility of the nature and animals that he describes. The poem ends by asking if the people will say, ‘he hears it not now but used to notice such things?’ This sums up the whole poem, which is expressing how people will not ask these questions. The refrains bring in the new voice in each stanza, having the effect of uniting each one. The meaning of each of the final lines never really changes, achieving the realization that the narrator knows that he will never change the views of the people around him. Hardy is criticizing human nature for not stopping long enough to reflect on what is really meaningful in people’s lives. Therefore in conclusion the repetition of the first line, that ends the poem sums up the whole idea that nothing has actually been resolved. It emphasizes the complexity of nature and the amount of things that goes unnoticed every day and night. Hardy employs various techniques to make the poem come alive, which is crucial in showing his appreciation of what is going on around him. He uses extensive imagery, so that it is both visual, such as by describing the colours, and the explicit detail that is in every small thing that he describes. The silence is also transmitted effectively by word choice such as ‘soundless blink.’ It is also effective in identifying his affinity with animals, as opposed to human beings.

Blasted Wabbitt Essay Research Paper Insomnia is

Blasted Wabbitt Essay, Research Paper Insomnia is the perceptual experience or ailment of unequal or poor-quality slumber because of one or more of the followers: 1.difficulty falling asleep 2 ) waking up often during the dark with trouble returning to kip 3 ) waking up to early in the forenoon 4 ) unrefreshing slumber. Insomnia is non defined by the figure of hours of slumber a individual gets or how long it takes to fall asleep. Persons vary usually in their demand for, and their satisfaction with, slumber. Insomnia may do jobs during the daylight, such as fatigue, a deficiency of energy, trouble concentrating, and crossness. A bout 15 % of grownups study severe or frequent insomnia, and another 15 % complain of mild or occasional insomnia ( Bootzin, 1993pg.191 ) . I interviewed a friend of mine who had this job, insomnia, his name was Guy. He told me that he found him self-falling in to the 15 % of grownups who are enduring from insomnia. In his first-year twelvemonth of college here in Akron University. When he started school he told him self that he would analyze on the weekdays and non party until the weekend, so he can acquire good grads and sleep well. His program lasted for approximately two hebdomads, because he started a new occupation and he had to work from 7:00p.m until 11:30p.m. the occupation gave him, a batch of emphasis, because it was a telemarketing occupation ; every twenty-four hours he would travel to work and seek to sell recognition cards to people. Every twenty-four hours he would acquire screamed at by costumiers on the phone. He wasn # 8217 ; Ts pleased with his occupation, it was giving him a batch of emphasis, but he had to work, so he can pay for his rent and some of his measures. He told me that the lone ground he stayed in teleselling is because it pays truly good. After work every twenty-four hours he and some of his crow workers would travel to downtown, to the bars to acquire some int oxicant drinks and after word he goes back to kip at 3 :00a.m and weak up 7:30a.m to travel to school. That agenda affected his surveies a batch and his hall life, his household dishonored him because of his bad grads, he started to experience stressed all the clip, so one twenty-four hours he decided to non travel to the bars any more, and to work different displacements so he can analyze and kip good. When he started his new agenda he couldn’t sleep any more because his organic structure intestine used to kip tardily and he felt that he has insomnia, so he went to a physician to give him pills so he can travel back to kip as normal, the physician told him that he has chronic insomnia, that caused by depression and imbibing intoxicant before traveling to bed. The physician gave him kiping pills to assist him to better his kiping wonts. He besides has to see a doctor to closely measure effectivity and minimise side effects. He besides tried some of relaxation therapy, sleep limitation therapy. It helped him a batch to better in hi s life and his surveies. Now he is making great at school and his life is acquiring better now. A batch of inquiries were asked from people for illustration: Who gets insomnia? and how is it diagnosed? And how is it treated? Insomnia is found in males and females of all age groups, although it seems to be more common in females than males ( particularly after climacteric ) and in the aged. The ability to kip, instead than the demand for slumber, appears to diminish with forward age. Patients with insomnia are evaluated with the aid of a medical history and a sleep history. A batch of insomnia like transient and intermittent may non necessitate intervention since episodes last merely a few yearss at a clip. A batch of people think that they have insomnia, but the lab work proofed that some people go to kip truly good in the lab. They imagine them self that they are traveling about in bed but they are really sleep.

Internet Fraud and Identity Theft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Internet Fraud and Identity Theft - Essay Example The internet has initiated a fourth sales channel for companies to reach home consumers or their business customers [6]. Rosen stated that E-business includes products, procedures and internet services [7]. The term phishing is well defined by Jim Edwards as Phishing describes a combination of techniques used by cyber crooks to bait people into giving up sensitive personal data such as credit card numbers, social security numbers, bank account numbers, dates of birth and more [9]. E-commerce basically is about B2B and B2C online sales, online ads, online brokerage and number of related online transactions. As per Jim Warholic, with all the inroads and growth in e-commerce in recent years, security concerns still top the list for both B2B business customers and B2C consumers [11]. Payment modes involved in e-commerce are either Traditional Payment Method or Electronic Payment Method. Adam stated Credit cards mode of payment is very common these days and this study will revolve around credit card only [12]. The Internet is rising even more dramatically - it's actually much safer to enter your credit card number on a secure online order form than it is to give your credit card to a waiter at a restaurant [14]. Facilitated by the internet, identity theft can manifest itself in a number of ways including phishing, pharming, and other fraudulent schemes [15]. If one faces fraud, firstly, he should contact the company for your money back. He should have a record of every phone conversation with time; date etc. let them know them that you may notify the authorities. Then report the Securities Division and also the State Attorney General in the state they are located. Fill the formal request form. One should not send the originals of any documents back to the company [16].  

Creativity and mentall illness, is there a link Essay

Creativity and mentall illness, is there a link - Essay Example Creativity is defined in many ways by many people. Some people believe that it is the intellectual giftedness. Some others believe that though intelligence is required for creativity, it is not sufficient enough. Independence, fluency and flexibility were cited as the characteristics of creativity. (Waddell) All the intelligent people need not be creative, but all creative people are intelligent. Intelligence is only a part of creativity and in order to become a creative person one should have other qualities like great imaginative power. In fact personality may not have much importance in the life of a creative person. We have lots of examples in which genius persons who adopted crazy life styles. Creativity is the capacity to originate scientiï ¬ c discoveries, artistic works, technical inventions, or engage in political leadership, in a manner that achieves what is conventionally termed eminence (Dutton) Hard work is required for every creative work and hence the mental health has an important role in the making of a creative person. Mental health on the other hand is measured in terms of the social behavior of the person. Any unaccepted social behavior may be considered as the indications of some kind of mental problems. In a study conducted in out of the 291 assessed biographies of eminent males in music, art, writing, science, and political leadership, high rates of psychiatric disorders like depression and alcoholism in writers and artists were found. (Waddell) Kamala Das (Madhavikutty), one of the greatest creative writers from Kerala, India has been passed away recently and her life history is one of the best examples for our topic of â€Å"relation between mental health and creativity†. This writer was one of the all time great romantic writers not only in Malayalam but in English as well. Many of her literature works were translated to English and Arabic like many other languages. At

The baby boom generation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The baby boom generation - Essay Example Because advertisers are trying to gain the attention of their target consumer group, they work hard to depict the ideals of the society. If young and slim is attractive, they will work that into their presentation in as many ways as they can. If macho and hard is the current fashion, this, too, will be reflected in the way a product is marketed. At the same time, by changing the way they combine different types of visual clues, these same media outlets can help to redefine a culture, to make it more tolerant of ecological issues, for example, or to change the way a society views gender roles. Studies are utilized by advertising agencies to identify potential buying demographics. This information is then used to target specific markets and to learn about public attitudes, why they buy specific products and what sort of promotions would most appeal to their desires to purchase. To some companies, marketing is about generating sales, period. It is therefore surprising to discover how li ttle advertising is actually targeted toward the baby boom generation. Although our culture seems to worship youth above all else, the reality is that the baby boom generation, now entering retirement, remains a large and greatly viable market. Baby Boomer is the term used to designate a specific age group in American society, generally defined as those who were born between the years 1946 and 1964. The generation is named this in recognition of the ‘boom’ of births that took place immediately following the return of soldiers home from World War II (Jones, 1981). These individuals shared a number of experiences during their generation that serves to unite them, including the murder of a president, the first footsteps on the moon, the ‘rebirth’ of the ‘60s and the large-scale introduction of psychedelic drugs into the marketplace. The Civil Rights Movement occurred during many baby boomers’ early

The Relevance of CD Sleeve Design in Todays Market Essay

The Relevance of CD Sleeve Design in Todays Market - Essay Example The focus of this paper is to explore the role of the CD cover in today’s emerging market of instant access to music Vis a Vis the internet. Virtually any song by any artist can be downloaded to our computer in a matter of minutes. We will discuss the future of the CD cover in relation to this emerging trend. Like the CD replaced the vinyl record album, will MP3s replace the necessity for CDs and their artwork? However, before we look to the future of this art form, we need to first understand its past Section one of the paper will look at the history of the album cover and how it evolved to the artwork of the CD cover from inception to current use. The purpose of the cover will be discussed. Next we will discuss the relevance of the cover and lastly the outlook for its future. As we make our journey from the past to tomorrow visual representation will be used. It is true what they say at times, â€Å"A picture speaks a thousand words.† Album covers are indelible symbols of what can happen when the boundless creative forces and extravagant minds of the world’s most successful artists and musicians collide. When you add an infusion of corporate label politics plus a significant historical context, the results are anything but ordinary. Columbia Records came into existence in 1939. It was there that a fledgling graphic designer by the name of Alex Steinweiss developed an idea that would revolutionize the music market and change forever how we viewed the modern phonographic album.

International Economics, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Economics, - Essay Example The success of RTA is mainly due to low trade barriers with all global partners. This means the most positive impact will be gained from free trade as researches show that least amount of tariff or no tariff is most advantageous for a regional trading agreement to become successful. Custom union, common market and economic union, all impose a certain amount of tariff on the goods. This greatly affects the amount of goods to be traded as an economist said: ‘the successful expansion of trade among the members of a regional trade agreement tends to be associated with increasing extra regional imports as a share of GDP and with the growth of world trade.’, and extra regional imports will only be increased if there will be no or minimal tariff. Economic unions and custom unions are only beneficial for international trade and can only produce positive results if implemented in conjunction especially in case of EU, and this what happened in 1990’s. Trade can only be flourished if the country undertakes international trade and involves in exchanging goods and services from different countries around the globe. International trade means starting trading of goods with foreign countries which means foreign exchange pouring in the country, leading to more GDP and resulting in more finance for the industries to make exportable goods. As exports will increase due to more exportable stock, trade will be flourished. International trade improves the relations between two or more countries. Improving relations means more chances of your own good to be sold in their markets, thus fostering trade (Nayan et al, 2010). International trade increases the productivity of a country; more production takes place leading to more people getting employed in the country, and therefore with more share in the GDP, there will be more growth in the world of trade.

Will - Hobsons Choice Essay Example for Free

Will Hobsons Choice Essay Despite the disliking of the sisters, it is told that Will remarks that he rather likes it. He also adds a long, pleasant comment about kissing nice women. This already shows how his attitude is changing towards making contact with other people. On the other hand, I think the writer hints the presence of dramatic irony in a subtle way. In the times when the play was written, the male in the family were almost always superior; especially because women did not have equal rights. However, throughout the rest of the play, Will is obviously shown to be controlled by Maggie all the time. Just as the couple prepares to leave for their wedding, Maggie asks Will for his honest opinion of their marriage, and if he wants to marry her at all. Will reassures her that his mind is made up, which pleases her; but as he carries on talking, Maggie intercepts as soon as he says the word resigned. I understood the word resigned as that he accepted their marriage with a little reluctance. Moreover, there may be some positiveness to his speech as Will says he will say Yes to the parsons questions at the church. Furthermore, Will answers Maggie by the phrase Yes, Maggie. This reminds us again, the dominance of Maggie over Will. I think that there is a big difference in Will, comparing Act 2 and 3 of the play. At the beginning of Act 3, Will gives a toast to the guests of the dinner after the wedding. In contrast to his usual speeches, he gives an impressively long speech. Although, it is still evident that he has not yet perfectly mastered his reading skills. As Will struggles to read a word in the middle of his speech, Maggie interrupts in an undertone, and he carries on. Moreover, Will is shown to have been stammering all throughout his speech. However, I think that this is an amazing improvement in his educational side, as it is told at the very beginning that Will is not fully literate, and that he cannot write. After his speech, he is complimented by numerous guests, and it is told that Maggie has been educating Will. This can be shown as Wills first change by the influence of Maggie, his wife. Likewise, the major consequence of Will and Maggie moving out of the Hobsons family house would be in the introduction of Act 3. In the first paragraph, the sentence William Mossop, Practical Bootmaker, stands out. It is said that the phrase is shown on each window of their cellars. This shows Will has become a master of a boot shop of his own. Although in a small scale, this is an enormous change in Wills life. As he owns a shop, he is now able to earn how much he deserves as a good boot-maker, and therefore feel confident, and complacent about himself. Following the wedding dinner, Will is left with some male characters alone at the shop. At this point, Wills reluctance of being left with Maggie alone is shown through his speech, fond of company. However, this is later shown as a positive reluctance of his shyness of being with Maggie, which could also mean that he has started to recognize his loving feelings towards Maggie. This is confirmed by the other characters suggesting that he is shy of his wife, and Will admitting it afterwards. There is also a happy laughter in the middle, which suggests that Will has developed socially. Moreover, his phrase above is an enormous difference to Will at the beginning of the play. This is presumably because Will is much less inhibited than he used to be. I think his speech shows a little of his increased interest of interacting with other people as well. A crucial scene to support that Will has changed in his characteristics would be when Henry visits the couples cellar for the first time. As Henry is knocking on the door, Maggie quickly reminds Will that he is the gaffer at their place. In other words, she is encouraging him to have confidence in himself as much as he can, as he is the master at the shop. To acknowledge this to Henry, Maggie asks Will if she could allow him inside the shop, and Will answers loudly and boldly. This is presumably an awkward situation for Henry, as he had been Wills master when he was at the Hobsons boot shop. Those two words indicate how pompous and in-control he sounds, especially to Hobson, as he also speaks very much like a master. In truth, Will may be a little nervous inside, confronting Henry in this way; however he decides to hide his weakness. By the end of Act 3 of the play, the celebrations of their wedding are coming to an end, and it is the couples first night together. Maggie is already in the bedroom, and Will has a little moment alone in the living room. He repeatedly walks back and forth to the bedroom door as he hesitates whether he should go in, or not; also looking shyly at the door. In the end, he decides to lie on the sofa, to sleep in the living room. Nevertheless, Will gives occasional glances at the bedroom door. This indicates his mixed feelings about their first night after marriage. I think it could mean his coyness, but mainly uneasiness of not being brave enough to go into the bedroom. I think the most hilarious part shown in the play, about the couple, is when Maggie brings Will into the bedroom. As Maggie approaches Will, it is said that she grabs him by the ear to return to the bedroom. This shows that Maggie is still the dominant of the couple. Although Will has changed a lot in his personality, it is generally seen that he remains being absolutely obedient to Maggie as much as a loving husband would do to his wife. Henry, the eldest character of the play, is seen to be unwell. As he is rejected by his other daughters, Maggie is left with the responsibility of taking care of him. Moreover, it is decided that the couple will move into the Hobsons house. Because of that, there is an argument between Henry and Will about the boot shop. Although Henry is presently the master of the shop, Will also is the master of his own shop. The typically selfish Henrys character is shown here, as he offers Will the old job and the old wage of 18 shillings a week. Ignoring the ungenerous offer, Will offers Henry a choice of being taken in partnership or not being taken care by the couple. The couple discusses the name for the shop without Henrys agreement, and there is another argument as he interrupts with strong dissatisfaction. Although it does not seem obvious at start, there is a sense of dramatic irony, when Maggie is speaking against Will in order to test if he is brave enough to stand up to Henry. When Henry has gone, Will shows us the innocent side of him, asking Did I sound confident, Maggie? Despite Maggies praises, Will admits that he trembled in his shoes, which makes the readers smile, to see the old Will again. Moreover, it is seen that Will does not call Maggie by the name Miss anymore, which suggests their intimate relationship. Another evidence to support the closeness of Will and Maggie are in the following scene. It is told that Maggie was married to Will with a brass ring. Brass rings, in those days, were very cheap and undecorated, often used by the poorer people. I could describe Maggie as being thrifty, although the wedding ring must still be very meaningful for her. Will mentions that he has some improvements to work on, meaning to surprise Maggie with a new ring. However, Maggie refuses for the reason mentioned above. The following scene of Will, when he kisses her indicates a mutual love between the couple at last. I think this is a significant change in Will, which happened as he gradually recognized Maggies affectionate feelings. From this, you can see how enormously Will have changed, and how he was influenced by other characters and his environment. I have been deeply impressed by how much Will have improved in diverse sides of his characteristics. However, throughout the story, there is one part of him that does not change at all. That would be his typical speech, By Gum! Lower 5 17/05/07 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.